Because it works the whole body, the barbell back squat is often called the "king" (or "queen") of all workouts.
Walking lunges are a great way to work out your lower body, especially your legs, glutes, and hamstrings.
Pull-ups are a good upper-body workout that mostly works the lats, but they also work the biceps, triceps, forearms, and shoulders and back muscles.
The deadlift is another basic compound exercise that works the hamstrings and hips the most. The lower back, legs, traps, and core are also used.
The bench press is a great upper-body workout that focuses on the chest and arms. It also uses the deltoids, upper back muscles, and wrist muscles.
Bent-over rows are a great pulling exercise for the upper body that focuses mostly on the lats and rhomboids. They also work the muscles in the arms, the traps, and the lower back.
The overhead press is a great shoulder exercise, primarily targeting the deltoids. It also works the triceps, upper pectorals, and core.
The glute bridge mainly works the glutes and hamstrings, but it also works the lower back and the core, which helps to make the hips stronger as a whole.