Moonquakes: The Moon experiences moonquakes, which are seismic activities similar to earthquakes but are caused by tidal stresses from Earth's gravitational pull.
Slow Rotation: The Moon takes about 27.3 days to rotate once on its axis and the same amount of time to orbit Earth, which is why we always see the same side (the near side) facing us.
Lunar Highlands and Maria: The Moon's surface is divided into highlands (bright, heavily cratered areas) and maria (dark, flat plains formed by ancient volcanic eruptions).
Lunar Dust: The lunar surface is covered in fine, powdery dust called regolith, created by micrometeorite impacts over billions of years. It's highly abrasive and sticks to everything, posing challenges to lunar exploration.
Lunar Water Ice: Recent discoveries suggest that water ice exists on the Moon, primarily in permanently shadowed craters near the poles where temperatures are low enough for ice to remain stable.
Temperature Extremes: The Moon has extreme temperatures ranging from about -173°C (-280°F) during the lunar night to 127°C (261°F) during the lunar day, due to its lack of atmosphere to moderate heat.
Lunar Atmosphere: While the Moon has an extremely thin atmosphere (exosphere), it consists mainly of helium, neon, and hydrogen, with trace amounts of other gases.