Penicillin: Discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, penicillin was accidentally found when mold inhibited bacterial growth in a petri dish, revolutionizing medicine.
Internet: The precursor to the internet, ARPANET, was developed in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of Defense to facilitate communication between research institutions.
Electric Light Bulb: Thomas Edison's improved incandescent light bulb, patented in 1879, illuminated homes and cities, transforming daily life.
Telephone: Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, the telephone revolutionized communication by transmitting sound electronically over long distances.
Steam Engine: Developed by James Watt in the 18th century, the steam engine powered industrialization by converting heat into mechanical energy.
Airplane: The Wright brothers achieved the first powered, sustained, and controlled flight in 1903 with their aircraft, Flyer I, in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
Personal Computer: The introduction of the IBM Personal Computer (PC) in 1981 marked a milestone in computing, making computers accessible for personal use.
Vaccination: Edward Jenner's development of the smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century laid the foundation for immunology and disease prevention.
Refrigeration: Carl von Linde's invention of the first practical and efficient refrigerator in 1876 enabled safe food storage and transportation, reducing spoilage.